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Introduction to Object-Oriented Programming Object-oriented programming (OOP) is a programming paradigm that organizes software design around data, or objects, rather than functions and logic. An object can be defined as a data field that has unique attributes and behavior. OOP focuses on the objects that developers want to manipulate rather than the logic required to manipulate them. Key Principles of OOP: 1. Encapsulation - Bundling data and methods that work on that data within one unit 2. Inheritance - A mechanism where a new class derives properties from an existing class 3. Polymorphism - The ability to present the same interface for different underlying forms 4. Abstraction - Hiding complex implementation details and showing only necessary features This paradigm is widely used in modern software development and forms the basis of CS201 at Virtual University of Pakistan.